The Trading Economics Application Programming Interface (API) provides direct access to our data. It has a land frontier of 1,017km (632mi) and a coastline of 273km (170mi). [1][2][3] Israel stretches 424km (263mi) from north to south, and its width ranges from 114km (71mi) at its widest point to 10km (6.2mi) at its narrowest point. [1], Israel lies to the north of the equator around 3130' north latitude and 3445' east longitude. Prophecy from the Bible is revealing itself as we speak. 150,000. Home Ingathering of the Exiles Tied to Rainfall New Study. The 7,815 square miles allocated to Israel in the 1948 partition of Palestine make a narrow strip of land along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean, roughly 265 miles long and 12 to 70 miles wide. [51] 8% of Israeli Jews are haredi; 9% are "religious", 12% "religious-traditionalists", 27% are "non-religious traditionalists", and 43% are "secular". Advertisement. [1] As of 2003 1,940 square kilometers (749sqmi) were irrigated. A more substantial engineering challenge was presented by the marshlands of the Huleh basin at the head of the Jordan Valley. [35], Thunderstorms and hail are common throughout the rainy season and waterspouts occasionally hit the Mediterranean coast, capable of causing only minor damage. The Kinneret lies 207 meters (679ft) below sea level and reaches depths of 46 meters (151ft). All parts of the plan that do not require the collaboration of the adjoining Arab states are now being carried out by the Israeli Government. [1] Furthermore, the effects of the use of chemical fertilizers, and pesticides are issues facing the country. [23] The central Negev has an annual precipitation of 200 millimeters (7.9 in) and is characterized by impervious soil, allowing minimum penetration of water with greater soil erosion and water runoff. . Israel has a wide variety of climatic conditions, caused mainly by the country's diverse topography. Israel has signed many international environmental agreements and is party to:[1], Israel's rural space includes several unique kinds of settlements, notably the moshav and the kibbutz. Where irrigation is available, citrus groves, orchards of subtropical fruit, and food crops flourish. Registering also lets you comment on articles and helps us improve your experience. Climatically Israel much resembles California. In 1948 the Jewish population of Israel was about 670,000; this number increased to more than 1,000,000 the next year as a result of immigration. , holds that the connection between Mans actions, a Jewish presence in Israel as well as rainfall is explicitly described in the book of Exodus. Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. Wettest November since 1994 causes flooding, damage in coastal cities . The northernmost section lays between the Lebanese border, the Western Galilee to the east, and the sea. Measures to divert and spread the storm waters over the pastures are further increasing the yield. On vast stretches of uncultivable land it had established new range-cover to support a growing livestock industry and planted 37 million trees in new forests and shelter belts. After 1973,. The pear-shaped lake is 23 kilometres (14mi) long from north to south, with a maximum width of 13 kilometres (8mi) in the north, covering 166 square kilometers (64sqmi). [19] The plain is traversed by several short streams. [22] The Negev is also sub-divided into five different ecological regions: northern, western and central Negev, the high plateau and the Arabah Valley. The climatological analysis of the rainfall regime in Jerusalem is correct and nicely presented, Saaroni wrote in response to Aulds query. Data taken from the PRIO Battle Deaths 2.0 dataset and UCDP Battle-Related Deaths 5.0 dataset. Notable among the reptiles are geckos and lizards of the genus Agama and vipers such as the carpet, or saw-scaled, viper (Echis carinatus). Thanks for reading Scientific American. The Israeli Water Planning Agency is seeking to double the 1956 water supply by 1966, giving the country a total of 14.5 million acre feet (an acre foot is 12 inches of water per acre) per year. . The Israeli-occupied territories include the West Bank, 5,879km2 (2,270sqmi), East Jerusalem, 70km2 (27sqmi) and the Golan Heights, 1,150km2 (444sqmi). The 1948 war was Israel's costliest: more than 6,000 were killed and 30,000 wounded out of a population of only 780,000. As rain fell unseasonably late throughout Israel on Tuesday, the Israel . Inland, the northern region contains the Mount Carmel mountain range, which is followed inland by the fertile Jezreel Valley, and then the hilly Galilee region. As of 2013, the population of Israel is 8 million, 6,015,000 of them Jewish. Weather. [1], Israel has the Rosh Hanikra Islands and the Achziv Islands within its territorial waters. The Jewish leadership in Palestine declared the establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948, the moment the British mandate terminated, though without announcing its borders. Natural hazards facing the country include sandstorms which sometimes occur during spring in the desert south, droughts which are usually concentrated in summer months, flash floods which create great danger in the deserts due to their lack of notice, and regular earthquakes, most of which are small, although there is a constant risk due to Israel's location along the Jordan Rift Valley. [44] Some argue that Jerusalem, Israel's largest city with a population of 763,600,[45] and Nazareth,[46] should also be classified as metropolitan areas. The 20th century Israelites did not find their promised land "Rowing with milk and honey," as their forebears did 3,300 years ago. [1] It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the northeast by Syria, the east by Jordan and the West Bank, and to the southwest by Egypt. Harsh as these conditions are, there has been no significant deterioration in climate since Roman times. Israel has emerged as a regional economic and military powerhouse, leveraging its booming high-tech sector, massive defense industry, and concerns about Iran to foster partnerships around the world. Weather Today Weather Hourly 14 Day Forecast Yesterday/Past Weather Climate (Averages) Currently: 54 F. [19] With a water capacity estimated at 3 cubic kilometers (0.72cumi), it serves as the principal reservoir of the National Water Carrier (also known as the Kinneret-Negev Conduit). [21] Along the Mount Carmel range is Hof HaCarmel, or the Carmel Coastal Plain. The territorial waters of Israel extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate baseline.[1]. [19] The Jordan, Israel's largest river (322 kilometers (200mi)), originates in the Dan, Baniyas, and Hasbani rivers near Mount Hermon in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains and flows south through the drained Hula Basin into the freshwater Lake Tiberias. Carrying through the work started by the early settlers, Israel has now fully reclaimed these lands, draining and planting them to eucalyptus trees in the lowest spots and to citrus groves and crops on the higher ground. Some 250 million trees, both native and imported species selected by the Israeli Forest Experiment Station, are to be planted in the next 10 years. API users can feed a custom application. After a few years the accumulation of salts may reach toxic proportions. Over the large stretches of the country that are beyond such reclamation and are too dry for forests, the effort is to develop the land for pasture. [29] While stringent construction regulations are currently in place and recently built structures are earthquake-safe, as of 2007 the majority of the buildings in Israel were older than these regulations and many public buildings as well as 50,000 residential buildings did not meet the new standards and were "expected to collapse" if exposed to a strong quake. The north of the Negev contains the Judean Desert, which, at its border with Jordan, contains the Dead Sea which, at 417m (1,368ft) is the lowest point on Earth. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. [1] 2021 The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. click the link in that email to complete your registration. Auld used data from the Israel Meteorology Center in Jerusalem, which show that increased rainfall coincided with or preceded 1948 and 1991, two years in which there were massive numbers of Jews making aliyah. Rain (and all it symbolizes) provides the tools for both physical and spiritual survival; ultimately, though, rain will only fall if the Jewish people first draw down upon themselves the spiritual blessings of the Torah by fulfilling the mitzvot. established. US warship operates in Black Sea in first . [35] The Population Matters 2011 overshoot index[54] ranked Israel as the third most dependent region in the World after Singapore and Kuwait. [19], The Negev Desert comprises approximately 12,000 square kilometers (4,633sqmi), more than half of Israel's total land area. Standard users can export data in a easy to use web interface or using an excel add-in. Temperatures range to similar extremes over short distances, being cool at high elevations and hot and tropical in the Jordan Valley. Once registered, youll receive our Daily Edition email for free. There are no more continents left to explore or to exploit. As we approach the year 6,000 all of the prophecies are coming true, Rabbi Trugman told, . You shall gather in your new grain and wine and oil. White label accounts can distribute our data. This article focuses on those conflicts that involved Arab forces based outside of Palestine. Israels climate is characterized by hot summers and mild winters. This makes our lives difficult but it is actually an enormous blessing. Times and events like conflict create an immediate existential need, sometimes even a crisis, to emphasize this relationship, the rabbi concluded. [35], On average, January is the coldest month with average temperatures ranging from 6 to 15C (42.8 to 59.0F), and July and August are the hottest months at 22 to 33C (71.6 to 91.4F), on average across the country. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. [31], South of the Kinneret lies the saltwater Dead Sea which forms the border between Israel and Jordan and is 418 meters (1,371ft) below sea level, making it the lowest water surface on Earth. We have a plan for your needs. [1], Prior to the establishment of the British Mandate for Palestine, there was no clear-cut definition of the geographical and territorial limits of the area known as "Palestine." Climate; Opinion. Photo compliments of Intellicast.com. In ancient Palestine irrigation was limited to small areas that could be fed by gravity from perennial springs. [38] Over time, the degree of cooperation in these settlements has decreased and in several of them the cooperative structure has been dismantled altogether. Rabbi Trugman believes that the connection between rainfall and aliyah is a definite sign that the era of the Moshiach (Messiah) is on the doorstep. Climate & Weather Averages in Tel Aviv, Israel. (Jewish immigration to Israel, spiritually going up) over the same period, have similar trends, Auld explained. [19] South of the Galilee, in the West Bank, are the Samarian Hills with numerous small, fertile valleys rarely reaching the height of 800 meters (2,625ft). It draws our hearts towards prayer for our basic sustenance. But if one may judge by the relict species of forage grasses and plants that survive in rocky places and thorn thickets beyond the reach of goats and camels, it may be surmised that this lan d was once a pastoral paradise. One of the main stories is of an Egyptian air attack on Tel Aviv [GETTY] The land of Israel is contrasted to Egypt, which is watered by the regular cycles of the Nile River. Since the time of Abraham, when "there was famine in the land," agriculture in this region has been at the mercy of the variable winter rainfall. rainfall in Israel. Israel is restoring to cultivation a land damaged by a millennium of abuse. For the total rainfall, an increased trend is shown across Israel, especially for the central and southern regions, though non-significant. Precipitation in Israel decreased to 247.70 mm in 2021 from 374.25 mm in 2020. source: Worldbank 10Y 25Y 50Y MAX Chart Compare Export API Embed Compare Precipitation by Country Related Israel Raises Rates by 50bps Israel Economy Slows Down as Expected Israel Inflation Rate Hits Highest Since 2008 Israel Trade Deficit Widens in July A coalition of Arab states, allied . An Empire in the Holy Land: Historical Geography of the British Administration in Palestine, 19171929, Gideon Biger, St. Martin's Press and Magnes Press, 1994, pp.6769. There are two distinct seasons: a cool, rainy winter (OctoberApril) and a dry, hot summer (MaySeptember). These works had long since fallen into disuse, and at the beginning of this century very little of the Holy Land was irrigated. Political and social repercussions of the war, The Declaration of Principles and Cairo Agreement, Socioeconomic protests and the challenge from the centre-left, Corruption charges and diminishing political support, Difficulty in coalition formation, frequent elections, and growing prominence of minority issues, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz. Israel broke a more than 50-year record for the highest amount of rainfall in northern Israel on Thursday, according to the Israel Meteorological Service, as the heavy rains that have swept. Please use the following structure: [email protected], Send me The Times of Israel Daily Edition. Desertification is also a risk possible on the desert fringe, whilst air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions and groundwater pollution from industrial and domestic waste are also issues facing the country. The deficit in slip that has built up since the 1033 event is sufficient to cause an earthquake of Mw~7.4. This division of territory and the persistent hostility of Israel's Arab neighbors continue to frustrate programs to realize the full benefits of the water supply to all concerned in a region where water is scarce. This correspondence hints on a deeper level to why rainfall in the Land of Israel is ultimately dependent on the fulfillment of Torah, he continues. In 10 years the State of Israel has quadrupled the acreage under irrigation, from 72,500 to 325,000 acres. Natural vegetation is highly varied, and more than 2,800 plant species have been identified. Success in this undertaking would be a major victory not only for Israel but also for all the other arid-land countries of the world. However, supercell thunderstorms and a true F2 tornado hit the Western Galilee in April 2006, causing significant damage and 75 injuries.[36]. Civilization is in a race with famine. This line of defense must be accurately and adequately engineered, for running waters do not forgive a mistake or oversight in design. , part of it to the Eastern Sea and part to the Western Sea, throughout the summer and winter. The population of Israel includes Israeli settlers in the West Bank. South of this, running to Nahal Shikma, is the Central Coastal Plain, also known as the Western Negev. Sherut ha-meteorologi) (1947-1975) Annual Rainfall Summary (Sikum shenati li-geshamim) (1947-1979) Rainfall tables for Palestine and adjacent countries Note: Covers various time periods for each site ranging from late 1800s to 1920s. Unlike much of the Middle East which is rich in lucrative crude oil, Israel has limited natural resources. 58, 2007, List of countries and outlying territories by total area, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl Habitat, National parks and nature reserves of Israel, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Barrier Report July 2009. The connection between war and rainfall also seemed apparent to Rabbi Shimon Apisdorf, a Jewish speaker and award-winning author. Arab-Israeli wars, series of military conflicts between Israeli forces and various Arab forces, most notably in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, and 2006. In the southern Negev, where the annual rainfall is less than six inches, the Soil Conservation Service is adopting the methods of ancient Nabataeans to impound the waters of flash floods for the irrigation of forage crops. [27], The most catastrophic earthquakes occurred in 31 BCE, 363, 749, and 1033 CE, that is every ca. United States Latest Radar Frame. Aliyah and the rainfall are both happening because it is time. There, with few exceptions, the soil is in the worst condition. With heroic labor the early settlers succeeded in draining the marshes and farming them successfully. In 1948, the Jewish colonization of Palestine had only just begun. On the last day of the British Mandate, David Ben-Gurion, executive head of the World Zionist Organization and chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel, issued the Israeli Declaration of Independence which declared the establishment of a Jewish state on Mandatory Palestine in the land of Israel to be known as the State of Israel. Storm waters are then available for storage in surface ponds and reservoirs or to recharge ground waters. The route of the Israeli West Bank barrier incorporates some parts of the West Bank. In general, the rainy season in Israel begins in October and ends in May. It is divided into two in the north, the Besor region, a savanna-type area with a relatively large number of communities, and south of it the Agur-Halutza region, which is very sparsely populated. Religion has played an important role in Israel since the modern state was founded in 1948 under David Ben-Gurion, a secular socialist who made concessions to . Discover world-changing science. Since Ancient Israel's geography did not . [35] The climate conditions are highly variable within the state and modified locally by altitude, latitude, and the proximity to the Mediterranean. She considered them to be disparate and unconnected phenomena. Deuteronomy 11:14, Rabbi Trugman wrote about the connection between rain and the actions of Jews in his commentary on the Bible Orchard of Delights., Waters connection to physicality in the form of rain is balanced by many biblical and rabbinic references to water as symbolizing Torah itself, Rabbi Trugman wrote. The bed of the lake forms part of the Jordan Rift Valley. It stretches from the point where Mount Carmel almost touches the sea, at Haifa, and down to Nahal Taninim, a stream that marks the southern limit of the Carmel range. However, I dont think there is a causal correlation with immigration so the results shown cannot be explained, even partly by rainfall or climatic trends.. More than 400 species of birds have been identified in the region, including the partridge, tropical cuckoo, bustard, sand grouse, and desert lark. There are many kinds of fish and insects, and locusts from the desert sometimes invade settled areas. Most of them live in the lands where mankind has lived longest in organized societies. Israel sees driest winter season in about 60 years, Authorities say Sea of Galilee water levels up just 2 cm over the December-January months, with 40%-50% less rainfall in this period than in recent years, Flooding in some cities as north and center are hit with winter storms, Motorists are urged to check tires, windshield wipers; central Tel Aviv inundated due to blocked drain in light rail works; beaches closed due to pollution, After cold, rainy spell, temperatures in Israel to rise slightly over weekend, Overnight rainfall causes minor flooding, as strong winds injure two; snow falls on Mount Hermon ski resort; no storms expected in coming days, Sea of Galilee level dips below same time last year, Lake is 66 centimeters lower than last November, with no rain forecast in next few days, Heavy storms lash Israel; elderly man critical after fall in flooded area of Ramle, 85-year-old, hospitalized with hypothermia, lay undiscovered in puddle for 30 minutes; woman rescued from car in Netanya; hail falls in southern town as wintry conditions intensify, Storms throughout Israel cause flooding, several injuries, Public warned to stay away from riverbeds, Tel Aviv beaches as wintry conditions intensify over weekend, Israelis told to avoid Tel Aviv, Herzliya beaches due to pollution, Runoff water mixed with sewage is flowing toward the sea after heavy rainfall Thursday night in central Israel, Health Ministry says, Rain finally falls in central Israel ahead of an expected wintry weekend, Showers are expected to reach their peak on Saturday and peter out by Monday, after a dry start to November, Dry November could bring devastating fires, experts warn, High temperatures, strong easterly winds in potentially dangerous combination previously seen in 2010 and 2016; climatologist: Global warming is causing an increase in extremes, Winter carved country into two regions: Above-average rain, and drought, Climate change wreaking havoc, says expert, with winter preceded by sizzling summer, hottest September on record, completely dry October; most coastal rain fell in 4 large bursts, Wettest November since 1994 causes flooding, damage in coastal cities, Storms expected to let up over the weekend, Heavy rains batter central Israel, cause flooding in cities, highways, Divers, firefighters called to Hod Hasharon; women rescued from Herzliya train station on inflatable raft; 95-year-old found unconscious outdoors in Ashkelon, Sea of Galilee water level at 27-year high for early September, As of Tuesday, the freshwater lake stands at 209.535 meters below sea level, highest since 1993, Sea of Galilee about to fill up for 1st time since 1992; dam opening possible, Israels main source of freshwater swells to just 21 centimeters under upper red line; experts expect lake to be full by early May, but Water Authority casts doubt, Sea of Galilee hits highest water level since 2004; dam opening mulled, Israels main source of freshwater swells to just 47.5 centimeters from upper red line, where it could overflow; level continuing to rise as snow melts in Golan Heights, Already a member? The heat became stronger from August when temperatures were considerably above the average. At this point, Israel contained some 650,000 Jews, who made up only four percent of the world's Jewish population. Classification of the inventoried land by end-use shows that, given adequate water supply, about 40 per cent, or a million acres, can be made suitable for general cultivation; about 15 per cent for orchard, vineyard, pasture and other use that will keep a permanent plant cover on the soil; 20 percent for natural pasture without irrigation; and 25 percent for forests, parks and wasteland. TEL AVIV, ISRAEL - It has often been said that Israel, since its establishment in 1948, . Sediments from the uplands to the north had progressively filled in the northern end of Lake Huleh, thus creating a marsh that was overgrown with papyrus. This page presents Israel's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. [19] In Israel the Rift Valley is dominated by the Jordan River, the Sea of Galilee (an important freshwater source also known as Lake Tiberias and Lake Kinneret), and the Dead Sea. [35] Rainfall is unevenly distributed, significantly lower in the south of the country. Several springs have formed along the Dead Sea, each an oasis, most notably the oases at Ein Gedi and Ein Bokek (Neve Zohar) where settlements have developed. Time/General. "[4] The Sykes-Picot Treaty in 1916 divided the region that later became Palestine into four political units. The Mediterranean coast and the Jordan and Arava valleys are important routes for migratory birds. Along the coast, sea breezes have a moderating influence in summer, and the Mediterranean beaches are popular. To bring much of the land under irrigation and cultivation has required strenuous repair of the damage don e by centuries of erosion. Datais presented at a 0.5 x 0.5 (50km x 50km) resolution. Animal life is also diverse. The last segment is the Southern Coastal Plain, which extends south around the Gaza Strip. Afforestation now plays a central role in the control of erosion, in reclamation of stony hills and in sheltering orchards and garden plots from the winds, whether from the sea or the desert. Rabbi Trugman wrote about the connection between rain and the actions of Jews in his commentary on the Bible , Rabbi Trugman believes that the connection between rainfall and aliyah is a definite sign that the era of the, Aliyah and the rainfall are both happening because it is time. More than a dozen years have elapsed since the author first became aware of the many breaks and instrumental mishaps that had . Israel is not simply restoring the past but seeking full utilization of the land, including realization of potentialities that were unknown to the ancients. One of the most thorough inventories of its kind in the world, it furnished a secure foundation for land use policy and for the immense task of reclamation and water development that has followed. It had drained 44,000 acres of marshland and extended irrigation to 325,000 acres; it had increased many-fold the supply of underground water from wells and was far along on the work of diverting and utilizing the scant surface waters. [23] The western Negev receives 250 millimeters (9.8in) of rain per year, with light and partially sandy soils. The southernmost settlement in Israel is the city of Eilat whilst the northernmost is the town of Metula. Rainfall varies significantly across the country and from year to year. Data presentation defaults to national-scale aggregation, however sub-national data aggregations can be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit. . They were also the first to control soil erosion by using the principle of the contour and by building stone walls to convert a slope into a series of level benches. The achievement of Israel is the more remarkable for the fact that politics showed little regard for the logic of terrain and watershed in setting the boundaries of the state. Precipitation resulted from extended cold front conditions and were a record for the month of January and the 1968/1969 season for most of Northern Israel (since 1921) and Lebanon monitoring stations (since 1875) with the largest amounts of rain and runoff for a record period of more than one hundred years in several rain stations. In a previous geological epoch the lake was part of a large inland sea which extended from the Hula marshes in northern Israel to 64 kilometers (40mi) south of the Dead Sea. 15 May: 1948 . Monthly weather report (Israel. [28] Destructive earthquakes leading to serious loss of life strike about every 80 years. With the papyrus cleared away, the deep deposit of peat beneath yields richly to cultivation, much as do the delta peat-lands at the head of San Francisco Bay. Average annual temperatures vary throughout Israel based on elevation and location, with the coastal areas adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea having milder temperaturesranging from about 84 F (29 C) in August to about 61 F (16 C) in Januaryand higher rates of humidity than areas inland, especially during the winter. Advanced users can use our Python/R/Matlab packages. Certain crops, such as sugar beets, take up some salts and may be planted in rotation to reduce this accumulation. Jewish speaker and award-winning author & # x27 ; s climate context for the Coastal. Israel has a wide variety of climatic conditions, caused mainly by country... Be accessed by clicking within a country, on a sub-national unit its establishment in rainfall in israel since 1948! The south of the equator around 3130 ' north latitude and 3445 ' east longitude 2.0 dataset and Battle-Related... As the Western Negev of it to the east, and pesticides are issues facing the country had... ( 50km x 50km ) resolution running to Nahal Shikma, is central! ) resolution seemed apparent to Rabbi Shimon Apisdorf, a Jewish speaker and award-winning author its in..., especially for the total rainfall, an increased trend is shown across Israel, especially for the central southern. Build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change there with. This makes our lives difficult but it is actually an enormous blessing high elevations and hot and tropical the! Are both happening because it is time is actually an enormous blessing context for the total rainfall an... Border, the Western Negev traversed by several short streams which is rich in lucrative crude oil, Israel it. 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Programming Interface ( API ) provides direct access to our data often said. Food crops flourish data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and adaptation... Edition email for free [ 28 ] Destructive earthquakes leading to serious loss of life strike about 80! Observed, historical data, throughout the summer and winter an immediate existential,... The damage don e by centuries of erosion to complete your registration ) and a coastline of (! And adequately engineered, for running waters do not forgive a mistake or oversight in.! Oil, Israel - it has a wide variety of climatic conditions, caused mainly by the country #... The south of the Israeli West Bank ( 679ft ) below sea level reaches! Centuries of erosion restoring to cultivation a land damaged by a millennium of abuse is highly varied, locusts. Chemical fertilizers, and food crops flourish true, Rabbi Trugman told, Sykes-Picot Treaty 1916! 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Itself as we speak Bible is revealing itself as we approach the year all... The Gaza Strip across Israel, since its establishment in 1948, the effects of the World 72,500 to acres!