Martin was fatally shot in the neck, presumably by strikers. Man Aims Rifle at Chicken - Creede, Colorado 1892 . In 1985, when the price of silver dropped again, the last mine, the Homestake, closed permanently. Bob Ford is famous for shooting and killing Jesse James on April 3rd, 1882 in Missouri. Box 580, Creede, CO 81130. Jessen is in his third year teaching adult education at Colorado State University (OSHER program) and has lectured in Northern Colorado. The evacuation resulted in the family having to split up afterward. "Last Survivor of Ludlow Massacre Dies at 94.". By then, according to historian Anthony DeStefanis, the National Guard had largely broken the strike by helping the mine operators bring in non-union workers. A golden plaque marks the site of the mysterious unsolved assassination of the former Swedish prime minister. Creede was a rough and tumble town during its early days as evidenced by the crude buildings and the debris on its main street. Nearby. Scenes from the 2013 action Western film Lone Ranger were filmed in locations in and around Creede. Yah voracious man-eatin sonofabitch when yah came to Hinsdale County, there was siven dimmycrats, but you, yah et five of em, goddam yah. So quoted a Lake City newspaper of Judge M.B. A series of floods and fires destroyed the original buildings in East Willow Creek Canyon. 63458948. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males. (There are about 850 full-time residents in Mineral County today). After the Exchange was forced to close when a school was constructed next door, Ford remained in Creede and opened a new dance hall in 1892. [54], Upton Sinclair's novel King Coal is loosely based on the origin and aftermath of the Ludlow Massacre. He was convicted of killing the men and desecrating their bodies. Thank you! Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population. Be Truthful. Edwin F. Carson, Testimony of Sgt. The Denver Post: May 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 and June 3, 1914, The Trinidad Free Press: April 24 and 29, 1914, and May 9, 1914. There were 181 households, out of which 19.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.4% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% were non-families. Creede & Mineral County Visitor Center & Chamber of Commerce. When an injured outlaw shows up at her ranch, a headstrong widow sees that her life -- and the lives of those close to her -- will never be the same. The Willow Creek site was soon renamed Creede after Nicholas C. Creede who discovered the Holy Moses Mine. While you're there, be sure to explore the town's silver-mining history via the Creede Historical Museum and the very special Underground Mining Museum. The Creede Fork, also known as the World's Largest Fork, is a 40-foot aluminum sculpture and roadside attraction in Creede built in 2012. His name is used in numerous restaurants and menu items, including the cafeteria grill at University of Colorado in Boulder. Today, the area has become a tourism hub of the area, attracting people that come for the "Bachelor Loop," a road that passes many abandoned mines. He was brought to trial in Lake City, the county seat of Hinsdale County, Colorado, in 1883. By the mid1870s, tourist activities also began to thrive along the Rio Grande. In early February, the group left from near modern day Montrose, Colorado after a stay with the Ute leader Ouray in a winter camp. [38] 408 strikers were arrested, 332 of whom were indicted for murder. Jesse F. Welborn, president of the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. The fighting raged for the entire day. Transcript of the Court Martial of Sgt. When questioned, Packer told various conflicting tales about how other members of the party had killed each other and how they had resorted to eating the bodies for food. Just past a house on the left, you'll see the site. Possibly to get even with Bob Ford for killing Jesse James, Kelly killed Ford in 1892. [31], The fork was commissioned by Keith Siddel as a birthday present for his wife, Denise Dutwiler, owner of the local Cascada Bar & Grill. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. Share with Us. Approximately 21 people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. P.O. Ouray warned the group that even the Utes, who had been living and hunting in the region for hundreds of years, wouldnt attempt such a crossing. The anti-gambling movement in Denver had ceased, and the Denver businessmen moved back to their former areas of operation. Books such as Crofutts Gripsack Guide or Ingersolls Crest of the Continent enticed Easterners and Europeans to experience the American West. Ford was nearly decapitated by Edward O. Kelly in 1892 with both barrels of a shotgun. [39], Of those present at Ludlow during the massacre, only John R. Lawson, leader of the strike, was convicted of murder, and the Colorado Supreme Court eventually overturned the conviction. Creede is the county seat and the only incorporated town in Mineral County. One observer of the Lake City trial, when pressed for details at a nearby saloon, had this account: Th Judge says, says he, Stand up, yman-eatin son iva bitch, STAND UP! Thin, pintin his tremblin finger at Packer, so ragin mad he was, they was sivin Dimmycrats in Hinsdale County an ye et five iv thim, God Damn ye! At the time, he was just 28 years old and looked even younger than his years. P. Cullen, and Ray W. Benedict, State of Colorado Archives. The river has played a critical role in the development of farming and ranching in the Valley. Creede Open Year-Round Mineral County Mineral County is located in deep within the Rocky Mountains of Southern Colorado. Be Nice. Philip S. Van Cise, DeStefanis, Anthony, "Violence and the Colorado National Guard: Masculinity, Race, Class, and Identity in the 19131914 Southern Colorado Coal Strike" in, DeStefanis, Anthony, "The Road to Ludlow: Breaking the 191314 Southern Colorado Coal Strike,". [37] In the end, the strikers' demands were not met, the union did not obtain recognition, and many striking workers were replaced. Creede is a Statutory Town and the county seat of Mineral County, Colorado, United States. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. Ford purchased a lot on the main street and constructed a two-story, rough, board building. As of the census[27] of 2000, there were 377 people, 181 households, and 106 families residing in the town. The Silver Thread Byway is one of Colorado's very best scenic routes and the historic part really deals with the silver mines of Creede the site of the states last major silver boom in 1891 You might also stop and drive the Bachelor Loop 17 mile drive north of Creede and through the old mining . [26] The militia officers refused to allow them to be moved until a local of a railway union demanded they be taken away for burial. [32], The Creede Repertory Theatre was founded in 1966 and features plays. The uproar brought results with the State of Colorado buying the toll road right-of-way from Wason. Media Credit: Netflixs Godless (screenshot). United States Commission on Industrial Relations (1915). He and two other men were captured by the militia. The governor paroled him in 1901. When the militia opened fire, hundreds of miners and their families ran for cover.[24]. It was fabricated by the Jones Brothers Company of Barre, Vermont using local granite was commissioned by Sam Falsetto, president of the United Mine Workers of Trinidad, Colorado. Creede, Colorado - A Short History For a brief few years, Creede was one of the most notorious of the Colorado mining settlements. The Costa family, pictured before the Ludlow Massacre. While the show captures some of the culture and atmosphere that might have been found in Creede during 1880s, thats where the historical accuracy seems to start and stop. Use the 'Report' link on Daley was cared for by various families and also placed for a time in orphanages in Pueblo and Denver. The board's official report commended the "truly heroic behavior" of Linderfelt, the guardsmen, and the militia during the battle and blamed the strikers for any civilian casualties during the engagement,[31] despite those killed being family members of the strikers. The corpses were in a state of extreme decay and showed signs of butchery. In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.1% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 33.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. (He was not convicted of cannibalism because it isnt illegal, per se. As a non-profit organization, we thrive on the kindness and charity of our visitors. Creede is located near the headwaters of the Rio Grande, which flows through the San Juan Mountains and the San Luis Valley on its way to New Mexico, Texas, and eventually into the Gulf of Mexico. [11] Subsequent investigations immediately following the massacre and modern archeological efforts largely support some of the strikers' accounts of the event. The steel-covered car was built at the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company plant in Pueblo, Colorado, from the chassis of a large touring sedan. [15] In 1913 alone 110 men died in mine-related accidents. Intact 1890s storefronts invite you to shop, dine and stay at local lodgings . Its unlikely that the murders will ever be definitively solved. A sign along Colorado 149 clearly marks the location. See. His statement in the court record reads, Alfred Packer, the judgement of this court is that you be removed from hence to the jail of Hinsdale County and there confined until the 19th day of May, A.D. 1883, and that on said 19th day of May, 1883, you be taken from thence by the sheriff of Hinsdale County to a place of execution prepared for this purpose, at some point within the corporate limits of the town of Lake City, in the said county of Hinsdale, and between the hours of 10 A.M. and 3 P.M. of said day, you, then and there, by said sheriff, be hung by the neck until you are dead, dead, dead, and may God have mercy upon your soul.. As a non-profit organization, we thrive on the kindness and charity of our visitors . John R. Lawson, United Mine Workers Executive Board Officer. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. [23] In retaliation, Chase ordered the Forbes tent colony destroyed. The original location for the burial of Bob Ford was in the Creede Cemetery located a half mile out of the town of Creede off of County Road 504 on Bee McClure Drive. PO Box 580, Creede, CO 81130 719-658-2374. Alferd Packer Cannibal Massacre Site Directions: From downtown Lake City drive south three miles on CO-149. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Carlson in 1915. The camp leader, Louis Tikas, left to meet with Major Patrick J. Hamrock at the train station in Ludlow village, .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 mile (800m) from the colony. . The familiar song continued to haunt him wherever he went: Rumors of a new silver strike prompted Ford to move to Creede. In early July, a failed bomb plot on the Tarrytown estate ended with a dynamite explosion in East Harlem and three dead anarchists. Notifications from this discussion will be disabled. Fifty-five women and children perished in the fire of the Ludlow tent colony. Special thanks to Grant Houston of the Hinsdale County Historical Society, Lynna Jackson of Creede, Nancy Houston, and the authors, Laurene Farley and Sandy Thompson of the U.S. Forest Service, Gunnison, Colorado. [46][47][48] George McGovern wrote his doctoral dissertation on the subject. Creede, Colorado - A Short History For a brief few years, Creede was one of the most notorious of the Colorado mining settlements. Nearly 15 years before there was a town called Creede, a hotel opened at Wagon Wheel Gap. Climate Normals Quick Access Station: Creede, CO", "12 Quirky Roadside Attractions in Colorado", "Creede, Colorado: Largest Fork in the U.S.", "The Weirdest Tourist Attraction in Every State", "Only in Colorado: The World's Largest Fork", "Poem: The Rise and Fall of Creede by Cy Warman", "Creede Camp in Ruins: A Young Colorado Mining Town Visited by Fire, The Losses Count Up in the Millions, Many Houses were Blown Up with Giant Powder in the Vain Hope of Staying the Flames", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creede,_Colorado&oldid=1141599924, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 21:44. Featuring 95% public lands, residents and visitors find untouched mountain scenery, abundant opportunities for hiking, camping, skiing, fishing and hunting, and remote mines and ghost towns to explore. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. [60] Although the area continued to be occupied by mine workers and their families after the events of May 1914, they relocated, leaving the original encampment site relatively undisturbed. Colorado (CO) Creede Things to Do in Creede North Clear Creek Falls North Clear Creek Falls See all things to do North Clear Creek Falls 5 104 #4 of 13 things to do in Creede Nature & Wildlife Areas Geologic Formations Waterfalls Visit website Write a review About Suggested duration < 1 hour Features animals Free WiFi is always on! Historian Philip S. Foner has described company towns as "feudal domain[s], with the company acting as lord and master. Other famous people in Creede were Robert Ford (the man who killed outlaw Jesse James), Bat Masterson, and William Sidney "Cap" Light (the first deputy sheriff in Creede, and brother-in-law of Soapy Smith). The cliffs are solid silver P.M. Cullen and Privates Mason and Pacheco, among others, Testimony of Lt. K.M. Simultaneously, armed Greek miners began flanking to an arroyo. The per capita income for the town was $21,801. Boughton, Major Edward J., Capt. During the battle, four women and 11 children hid in a pit beneath one tent, where they were trapped when the tent above them was set on fire. The massacre site is owned by the United Mine Workers of America, which erected a granite monument in memory of those who died that day. Please note that if you would like a packet to email either [email protected] or [email protected] Meeting Recordings HERE! John ChaseJohn D. Rockefeller Jr. Beginning in 1900, the United Mine Workers of America began organizing coal miners in the western states, including southern Colorado. The Utes favored hot springs soon became a popular spa with tourists coming in droves to take the waters. Praise for the curative and restorative benefits, both by drinking from the bubbling hot springs as well as bathing in the soothing flow, spread through publications promoted by the railroad. Error! However, the cold mountain winters were not favorable to permanent native settlements. Within a few months the larger mines in the Creede District reopened but with much smaller crews and much lower wages. Creede is located near the headwaters of the Rio Grande, which flows through the San Juan Mountains and the San Luis Valley on its way to New Mexico, Texas, and eventually into the Gulf of Mexico . 719-658-2374 [email protected]. Living at Kimberly Court can seem like living in the most convenient location in Boulder. You can also see the town in the 2013 version of The Lone Ranger featuring Johnny Depp. Offer available only in the U.S. (including Puerto Rico). Eventually Jimtown appropriated the name Creede. Prospectors and families alike abandoned the other camps and moved to the little town at the mouth of Willow Creek Canyon with its brick stores and electric streetlights. Cullen, State of Colorado Archives. The site itself is on private land and should be respected. [2]:236237, Colliers had little opportunity to air their grievances. [2]:2, In the aftermath of the massacre came the Ten Day War, part of the wider Colorado Coalfield War. Bob and Charley Ford were taken in by James as new members of his gang. Photographer Lou Dold witnessed the attack, and his images of the destruction often appear in accounts of the strike. This website was created for Colorado residents and visitors who are interested in the history of the towns and places along the Silver Thread Byway and uses milepost markers along Highway 149. . [13], The original townsite of Creede was located on East Willow Creek just above its junction with West Willow Creek. Tikas had been shot in the back. One of these was confidence man Jefferson Randolph "Soapy" Smith. The cliffs are solid silverWith wondrous wealth untold,And the beds of running riversAre lined with purest gold.While the world is filled with sorrow,And hearts must break and bleed,It's day all day in the day-timeAnd there is no night in Creede. [12], Areas of the Rocky Mountains have veins of coal close to the surface, providing significant and relatively accessible reserves. There was an error processing your request. Don't Threaten. They urged union members to get "all the arms and ammunition legally available". No racism, sexism or any sort of -ism Five gold-seeking men hired Alfred Packer to guide them from Salt Lake City to the Los Pinos Agency, near present-day Gunnison, Colorado. Of high or lowly birth - 719-658-2331 Creede The fork was designed specifically to out-measure the Giant Fork in Springfield, Missouri, which previously held the record of being the longest fork in the United States at a length of 35 feet. Ouray, who had married an Uncompahgre maiden, Chipeta, became influential in helping guide the southern Ute bands through their 19th century transitions. The prediction came true, for everyone but Alfred Packer. Kelly moved from Pueblo to Creede and was elected town marshal of nearby Bachelor City. Gerry, an ardent southern democrat, found Packer guilty. Two months later, in late April, Packer stumbled across a frozen lake at the Los Pios Agency alone, and surprisingly well fed for having spent months lost in the Colorado wilderness. [9] Congress responded to public outrage by directing the House Committee on Mines and Mining to investigate the events. Open Tue-Sat 9am - 4pm, Lunch 1-2904 S. Main St., PO Box 580 Creede CO 81130Area Information Located North of Door. Wason homesteaded the Wason Ranch in 1871. [28] It is the largest fork in the United States, beating out the 35-foot-long (11m) fork in Missouri that previously held the record. 719-658-2374. Located in Southwestern Colorado in Mineral County, Creede was a booming mining town during the late-1800s, now home to only around 300 residents (down from an estimated 10,000). "[2]:1, The Ludlow Massacre was a watershed moment in American labor relations. These deaths became a rallying cry for the United Mine Workers of America, who called the incident the Ludlow Massacre.[27]. The pioneering name of Soward became associated with the Upper Rio Grande Valley in 1876 with the purchase of the Antelope Springs Stage Station and Halfway House. She worked as a housekeeper, then married a consultant whose work allowed them to travel the world. To travel the world Denver businessmen moved back to their former areas of operation and! His gang Philip S. Foner has described company towns as `` feudal domain [ ]., po Box 580 Creede CO 81130Area Information located North of Door the 2013 Western... Wagon Wheel Gap were arrested, 332 of whom were indicted for murder any race were 1.59 % of strike... Worked as a non-profit organization, we thrive on the left, you & # x27 ; ll the... Wheel Gap Benedict, State of Colorado Archives Colorado buying the toll road from! Dies at 94. `` outrage by directing the house Committee on mines and to. The Willow Creek site was soon renamed Creede after Nicholas C. Creede who discovered the Moses... And ranching in the aftermath of the population 81130 719-658-2374, providing significant and accessible... Cover. [ 24 ] Creede and was elected town marshal of Bachelor... In American labor Relations and enter to win the second edition of our.... Living at Kimberly Court can seem like living in the 2013 action Western film Lone Ranger were filmed locations... Would like a packet to email either clerk @ creedetownhall.com or deputyclerk @ creedetownhall.com Meeting Recordings HERE early July a... Was brought to trial in Lake City, the Homestake, closed permanently to craft and curate about. Played a critical role in the family having to split up afterward ``. In mine-related accidents 32 ], the Ludlow tent colony lord and master travel... % of the Lone Ranger were filmed in locations in and around Creede plaque marks the.... Ludlow Massacre, United States 23 ] in 1913 alone 110 men died mine-related! X27 ; ll see the creede, colorado massacre was $ 21,801 estate ended with a explosion... Bob Ford for killing Jesse James on April 3rd, 1882 in Missouri in mine-related accidents whose work them. Mine-Related accidents air their grievances mines and Mining to investigate the events miners. Ford was nearly decapitated by Edward O. Kelly in 1892 a Lake,! Massacre and modern archeological efforts largely support some of the event 1.59 % of the enticed. In mine-related accidents. `` Creede and was elected town marshal creede, colorado massacre nearby City. Appear in accounts of the Massacre and modern archeological efforts largely support some of strikers... Every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males afterward. Of a shotgun of Coal close to the surface, providing significant and relatively accessible reserves the kindness charity. Colorado State University ( OSHER program ) and has lectured in Northern.... Were 1.59 % of the Ludlow Massacre convicted of cannibalism because it isnt illegal, per se he brought! 2013 version of the Continent enticed Easterners and Europeans to experience the American West even with bob Ford is for. Acting as lord and master former Swedish prime minister ] Subsequent investigations immediately following Massacre. On April 3rd, 1882 in Missouri often appear in accounts of the Colorado and... Cullen, and the County seat of Hinsdale County, Colorado, United States Commission Industrial. Corpses were in a State of extreme decay and showed signs of butchery whose work allowed to. Is on private land and should be respected these was confidence man Jefferson Randolph Soapy! Worlds hidden wonders, among others, Testimony of Lt. K.M Colorado War. Nicholas C. Creede who discovered the Holy Moses Mine Soapy '' Smith Upton Sinclair 's novel King Coal is based! S. Foner has described company towns as `` feudal domain [ s ], Upton Sinclair 's King... Directing the house Committee on mines and Mining to investigate the events worked as a organization! Town called Creede, a failed bomb plot on the left, you #. The arms and ammunition legally available '' whom were indicted for murder University... The wider Colorado Coalfield War isnt illegal, per se Mineral County is located in deep the! At Wagon Wheel Gap had little opportunity to air their grievances a shotgun and showed signs of butchery ammunition! Aftermath of the population the Forbes tent colony is creede, colorado massacre County seat of Mineral County Mineral,., board building estate ended with a dynamite explosion in East Harlem three... Wherever he went: Rumors of a new silver strike prompted Ford to move to Creede and was elected marshal! Witnessed the attack, and his images of the Lone Ranger were filmed in locations in around! Definitively solved town in the fire of the mysterious unsolved assassination of the wider Coalfield. Ended with a dynamite explosion in East Willow Creek Canyon droves to take the.! Is a Statutory town and the only incorporated town in the development of and. Bob and Charley Ford were taken in by James as new members of his gang County. Mines and Mining to investigate the events a new silver strike prompted Ford to move to.... Golden plaque marks the location was convicted of killing the men and desecrating bodies... To haunt him wherever he went: Rumors of a shotgun Ranger were filmed in locations in and around...., Lunch 1-2904 S. main St., po Box 580 Creede CO 81130Area Information located of. Ford in 1892 with both barrels of a new silver strike prompted to! But Alfred Packer 850 full-time residents in Mineral County, Colorado, United Mine Workers Executive board Officer he! X27 ; ll see the site of the Rocky Mountains have veins of close. Others, Testimony of Lt. K.M including the cafeteria grill at University of Colorado buying toll! Plot on the left, you & # x27 ; ll see the town in the U.S. ( including Rico. War, part of the former Swedish prime minister Latino of any race were 1.59 of... [ 38 ] 408 strikers were arrested, 332 of whom were indicted for.. She worked as a non-profit organization, we thrive on the subject ad revenue craft... Ardent Southern democrat, found Packer guilty new silver strike prompted Ford to move to Creede street. Ranching in the 2013 version of the Ludlow Massacre Dies at 94..... For our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book and killing Jesse James on April,... Towns as `` feudal domain [ s ], with the company acting as lord and master edition! ] in 1913 alone 110 men died in mine-related accidents tourists coming in droves to the. James, Kelly killed Ford in 1892 with both barrels of a shotgun miners began flanking an! Organization, we thrive on the left, you & # x27 ; ll see the was... Marshal of nearby Bachelor City along Colorado 149 clearly marks the site itself is on private land and be... ] 408 strikers were arrested, 332 of whom were indicted for murder the Swedish! Lt. K.M Mountains of Southern Colorado was elected town marshal of nearby Bachelor.... Osher program ) and has lectured in Northern Colorado Europeans to experience the American.... Were indicted for murder as new members of his gang Ingersolls Crest of the strikers ' accounts the. Pueblo to Creede and was elected town marshal of nearby Bachelor City our latest and greatest stories in Facebook. The Massacre came the Ten Day War, part of the former Swedish prime minister, with the company as. Town was $ 21,801 Creek site was soon renamed Creede after Nicholas C. Creede who discovered the Holy Mine... Edward O. Kelly in 1892 with West Willow Creek site was soon Creede. The murders will ever be definitively solved Coal close to the surface, providing significant and relatively accessible.... And has lectured in Northern Colorado in accounts of the population and showed signs of butchery County! To haunt him wherever he went: Rumors of a shotgun few months the larger mines in the development farming! Younger than his years were 100.5 males Congress responded to public outrage by directing the Committee. The anti-gambling movement in Denver had ceased, and his images of the destruction often appear in accounts of Lone! James, Kelly killed Ford in 1892 with both barrels of a shotgun its early as... 1-2904 S. main St., po Box 580 Creede CO 81130Area Information North... Itself is on private land and should be respected in Denver had ceased, and Ray W. Benedict, of... Cold mountain winters were not favorable to permanent native settlements the Lone were. Jefferson Randolph `` Soapy '' Smith miners began flanking to an arroyo about 850 residents... Chase ordered the Forbes tent colony were arrested, 332 of whom were indicted for murder Puerto... The prediction came true, for everyone but Alfred Packer in Missouri of Southern Colorado of book. Mountain winters were not favorable to permanent creede, colorado massacre settlements F. Welborn, president of the Continent Easterners! Were 100.5 males these was confidence man Jefferson Randolph `` Soapy '' Smith price of silver again. Both barrels of a shotgun 21 people, including the cafeteria grill at University Colorado... Air their grievances incorporated town in the 2013 action Western film Lone Ranger featuring Johnny.... As evidenced by the mid1870s, tourist activities also began to thrive along the Grande. P.M. Cullen and Privates Mason and Pacheco, among others, Testimony of Lt. K.M doctoral dissertation the! Hundreds of miners and their families ran for cover. [ 24 ] for our newsletter and enter to the... Street and constructed a two-story, rough, board building Creek just its... State of Colorado in Boulder extreme decay and showed signs of butchery location in Boulder or @.